New framework for the use and development of the North Sea
The new Marine Spatial Plan (MSP) for the Belgian part of the North Sea was recently published in the Belgian Official Gazette and is now in force. The plan covers the period 2026–2034 and determines where and how activities at sea can take place.
Despite its relatively small size, the Belgian part of the North Sea is under significant pressure. Energy production, shipping, nature and innovation all compete for space. The MSP provides a clear and legally stable framework, once again seeking a balance between economic activity, safety and ecology.
More space for nature and ecosystem restoration
One of the key priorities in the new plan is the stronger focus on nature and biodiversity. For the first time, seabed integrity zones are designated, where seabed-disturbing activities such as certain types of fishing are restricted. In addition, three marine reserves are established, where nature restoration and habitat protection take priority.
This approach aims to give the marine ecosystem the opportunity to recover. In the long term, this may also generate economic benefits, for example through stronger fish stocks.
At the same time, a next step is needed. In addition to protection and conservation, it is becoming increasingly important to actively invest in nature development at sea — an approach that has long been established on land. Combining ecological added value with economic activities offers clear opportunities in this regard.
Energy, shipping and open space
The plan also confirms the role of the North Sea as an energy hub. Belgium continues to invest in offshore wind energy, with existing and future zones such as the Princess Elisabeth Zone. In addition, an extra area is reserved for the redevelopment of older wind farms.
Shipping safety also receives attention. The Belgian part of the North Sea is one of the busiest shipping areas in the world. The plan therefore provides additional space for anchorage zones and for research into further safety measures.
A new element is the emphasis on preserving open space. A six-mile zone along the coast is designated where no new fixed constructions are allowed. This area remains important for fisheries, recreation and the seascape.
At the same time, this choice also raises questions. The nearshore zone often offers the greatest opportunities for feasible and scalable applications, meaning that fully excluding new infrastructure may limit the space available for innovation.
Space for innovation remains crucial
The MSP provides a clear framework and confirms the ambition to balance the different functions at sea. At the same time, it serves as a starting point for the next phase.
The further development of sustainable activities at sea requires sufficient space for innovation. Test zones already offer a first step, but there is clear potential to expand this further. Dedicated innovation areas, for example in the form of “mariparks”, could contribute to both ecological and economic value.
The nearshore zone also remains important in this context. It acts as a testing ground where new applications can be developed and scaled up, and therefore plays a crucial role in enabling innovation at sea.
A well-considered approach, allowing room for experimentation within clear boundaries, is essential.
Belgium as a driver of maritime innovation
Belgium played a pioneering role internationally with its first marine spatial plan in 2014. With this third plan, that trajectory continues.
For Blue Cluster, the MSP provides a solid foundation to further build, together with companies, knowledge institutions and public authorities, on a future-oriented North Sea. Continued investment in collaboration, innovation and further refinement is essential to ensure that the Belgian North Sea remains an international testing ground where economy and ecology reinforce one another.